PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.